I had a delightful lunch with an old client the other day. In fact, every time Juan and I get together for lunch it turns into a kind of “mutual admiration society” meeting. I guess that’s because either he’s smart enough to agree with everything I say or vice versa.
Juan’s consulting now – the great beyond for all of us who cooked ourselves to a crisp either working for “the man” or working for someone who works for him. Juan’s a smart, affable guy, though and he’s doing well, but he’s frustrated. “I just can’t seem to land clients who understand the difference between a strategy and a tactic,” he tells me.
I know what he means. I subscribe to several discussion groups and am constantly amazed how often the two terms are used interchangeably. It’s clear to me that someone out there, with as much credibility as me (which may, at times, not seem like much I realize), is providing definitions to these essential marketing terms that are diametrically opposed to the definitions I’ve used my entire career.
It’s no mistake that one of the greatest advantages Brand Central Station brings to its clients and partners is a common lexicon. I insist on it. A client in France and an agency in the US have to agree on a common terminology in order to work together – that seems obvious. But just as importantly, a client in Illinois has to be able to understand what their agency in Missouri is talking about when it comes to marketing objectives, goals, strategies and tactics.
So, now, for better or worse, here is a written explanation of what strategies and tactics are and – more importantly – why business owners and managers need to “think” strategically rather than tactically:
What is the difference between a strategic and tactical approach to business?
To understand the difference between strategic and tactical thinking, you have to understand the essential difference between strategies and tactics. Both are required to make your business a success – but, all too often, business owners and managers spend too much time on the smaller, tactical issues rather than on the larger, longer-range, strategic ones.
In short, they spend too much time working in their business and not enough time working on it.
In order to achieve any goal, you have to have a plan in place. That plan usually consists of one or more strategies – general directions or intentions that lead you to the goal. The actions you take to follow these directions or act upon these intentions are tactical by nature.
Imagine you have a very simple goal in mind – say; you want to travel from your home to New York for a vacation. There are a variety of strategies available to you: you could fly, you could travel by car, you could take a bus or a train. These are obvious strategies. Less obvious strategies are available as well: you could walk or hitchhike, you could package yourself up in a crate and go parcel post (don’t laugh, someone’s done this before).
Some strategies are inherently more risky than others (flying coach versus cargo, for example). But identifying the strategy is just half of the battle. Once you’ve selected your strategy, you actually have to do something. You see, a strategy helps you focus on the tactics that are best suited for that strategy. This process – referred to as planning – is one of the side benefits of thinking strategically. The clarity that comes from adopting a strategic plan can be tremendously empowering because you are able to compare available tactics against the strategy and determine very quickly which are appropriate and which are not.
For example, buying an airline ticket may be an appropriate tactic if you’re going to fly (or ship yourself) to New York. But building a crate is a tactic that only works for one strategy. No matter the price of nails and boards, you’re not likely to buy them if you’ve already landed on the strategy of traveling with other humans rather than the suitcases.
Now while our example was rather silly, I used it to make a point. Business owners and managers are constantly confronted by “tactical” solutions to their problems. Some are right, some aren’t. And even more are sort-of right/sort-of not right. It can be terribly confusing and horribly expensive.
It’s human nature to default to those tactics with which we feel most comfortable – and that means we doom ourselves to continue repeating what we know whether it’s worked for us in the past or not. You see, without a clear strategy for a business, the owner/manager has no standard for evaluating the relative significance of one tactic against another. The result is slow growth or, even worse, stagnation.
Why a business strategy can make all the difference in your future.
There’s a second reason why having a clear business strategy is key to your growth and prosperity: innovation.
Too many times, business owners feel like they are constantly responding to market forces that are beyond their control. A major reason for this is that these owners and managers are often managing on data collected in the past and spend a great deal of time trying to interpret this historical information that looses its relevance over time.
Businesses who adopt a strategic approach to their growth and development still track what they’ve done – but that information is only part of the data they evaluate when making forward-looking decisions. Strategies are based on research and analysis of market factors that help define customer needs, competitive supply levels and other market-making trends.
In the United States, growth of market share is increasingly dependent upon clear, value-driven business strategies. Businesses who are not thinking how to improve their customer relationships, open themselves to new markets or re-position their USP (unique selling proposition) in a relevant and compelling manner are doomed to stagnation, declining share and eventual failure.
You see, the total number of consumers in the US is still growing but at a significantly slower pace than it has over the past fifty years. That means businesses have to lure customers and clients away from competitors in order to continue growing. For those business owners and managers who are not fiercely guarding their existing client/customer relationships and aggressively going after new ones, this means they are under siege. Sales will decline. Margins will shrink. Profits will evaporate.
Having a well-defined business strategy will allow you to be more creative in how you approach prospective customers – maybe even open up entirely new markets never-before explored. Innovation in positioning, products and service can lead to significant breakthroughs and, more importantly, make you the only player in the field – if even for only a short time.